Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique used to detect specific antigens in tissue samples using antibodies. It's essential in diagnosing diseases, particularly cancers, as it helps visualize the distribution of biomarkers in tissues, providing critical information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

IHC is commonly used in the diagnosis of various types of cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. It is also useful for identifying infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and evaluating tissue responses in conditions like inflammation or fibrosis.

IHC works by using antibodies that are specific to a target antigen (protein or marker). These antibodies bind to the antigen in the tissue sample. A detection system, often involving a colored dye, is then applied to visualize where the antigen is located within the tissue, allowing for analysis under a microscope.

IHC provides highly specific and localized information about the presence of antigens in tissues, which can aid in accurate diagnosis and disease classification. It allows for the identification of biomarkers that are critical for personalized treatment decisions and provides insight into tumor grading and staging.

Yes, IHC is widely used in both medical research and clinical diagnostics. In research, it helps study the expression of biomarkers in various diseases, while in clinical settings, it assists pathologists in diagnosing diseases, determining prognosis, and guiding treatment decisions.

The marketplace offers a wide range of IHC equipment, including new, used, and refurbished systems such as staining machines, microscopes, and tissue processors. These are sourced from leading manufacturers like Leica, Dako, and Ventana Medical Systems.

Yes, IHC can be used on a variety of tissue samples, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, frozen sections, and cell samples. However, some tissue types may require specific preparation methods, such as antigen retrieval or optimization of antibody concentrations.

Yes, operating IHC equipment typically requires specialized training in both the technique and the equipment itself. Understanding tissue preparation, antibody selection, staining protocols, and image interpretation is key to obtaining accurate results.

The duration of an IHC test can vary depending on the type of tissue, the complexity of the antibodies used, and the specific equipment. On average, the process can take anywhere from a few hours to a full day, including steps like tissue preparation, staining, and imaging.

When choosing IHC equipment, consider factors like the volume of samples you process, the types of antibodies and tissues you work with, ease of use, and maintenance requirements. Additionally, it’s important to evaluate the reliability of the manufacturer and available support services.